4th Semester OTT

This course is designed to equip students with the knowledge and practical skills necessary to identify, handle, and maintain surgical instruments while assisting in various operative procedures.The course covers the classification, functions, and proper handling of surgical instruments, including cutting, grasping, retracting, and suturing tools. Students will also learn about sterilization methods, instrument care, and infection control practices to ensure a sterile surgical environment.In addition, the course focuses on fundamental surgical techniques such as tissue handling, suturing, knot tying, hemostasis, and assisting roles during different types of surgeries.

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Explain the physical principles underlying major medical imaging modalities, including fiber optics, ultrasound, X‑ray/CT, nuclear medicine (SPECT/PET), and MRI.
2. Describe the interaction of lasers and radiation with biological tissues and apply the principles of radiation safety in diagnostic and therapeutic settings.
3. Analyze fluid dynamics concepts (Bernoulli, continuity, pressure‑flow relationships) and their applications in cardiovascular measurement, such as blood pressure and valve orifice assessment.
4. Apply principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer to the function of medical devices and interpret key physical laws governing biological systems.